Thursday, December 17, 2015

Enjoy

As we are approaching the end of the book Bereshit, please find here a version of Bereshit with sources revealed. It has the J source as bold, the E source as italic, the PE source as common letters. Also Bereshit 14, taken from an source other than E, J, or PE, is written with common letters. Editorial additions are underlined. Enjoy!

Thursday, December 3, 2015

The Prophecy of PE

Esav and Yoseph have no number assigned by PE. Therefore, we treat both in the same way, in the following diagram:

Esav 144, Yoseph 144
\ /
9 * 42
|
Sarah 127, Yishmael 137

The two ages of 144, correspond to the two eschatological 144 periods, 5708 + 144 = 5501 + 351, where 11! + 182 = (18*351)2, and one half of 288. The age of Yishmael, 137, is one half of 274; both one-halves are according to 13! + 2882 = (288*274)2.
The age of Sarah, 127, is the period from 5366 until 5493, according to 10! + 152 = (15*127)2.
The ages of Avraham, Yitzchak, and Ya'akov, are 175, 180, 147, a mathematical series that leads to 144.

This is the prophecy of PE.
הוּא יִקְרָא בִשְׁמִי, וַאֲנִי אֶעֱנֶה אֹתוֹ
{Zecharyah 13:9)

Wednesday, December 2, 2015

The Structure of PE

Four things to notice about PE.

Firstly, the text PE identifies the place of Yisrael as the land of Rameses, and not as the land of Goshen. The phrase כַּאֲשֶׁר, צִוָּה פַרְעֹה was possibly added to obfuscate the fact.

Secondly, the text has an alternative tradition about Ma'arat HaMachpelah, according to which only Avraham and Sarah are buried there.

Thirdly, the large abundance of numbers. The message is through them.

Fourthly, note how every person mentioned by name, is introduced: Sarah, his wife; Yitzchak and Yishmael, his sons; Esav and Ya'akov, his sons; and Ya'akov, his (i.e., Yoseph's) father.

Tuesday, December 1, 2015

The Text of PE

Here is the combined text of PE:

וַיִּהְיוּ חַיֵּי שָׂרָה, מֵאָה שָׁנָה וְעֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וְשֶׁבַע שָׁנִים--שְׁנֵי, חַיֵּי שָׂרָה. וְאֵלֶּה, יְמֵי שְׁנֵי-חַיֵּי אַבְרָהָם--אֲשֶׁר-חָי: מְאַת שָׁנָה וְשִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה, וְחָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים, וַיִּגְוַע. וַיִּקְבְּרוּ אֹתוֹ יִצְחָק וְיִשְׁמָעֵאל, בָּנָיו, אֶל-מְעָרַת, הַמַּכְפֵּלָה: אֶל-שְׂדֵה עֶפְרֹן בֶּן-צֹחַר, הַחִתִּי, אֲשֶׁר, עַל-פְּנֵי מַמְרֵא. הַשָּׂדֶה אֲשֶׁר-קָנָה אַבְרָהָם, מֵאֵת בְּנֵי-חֵת--שָׁמָּה קֻבַּר אַבְרָהָם, וְשָׂרָה אִשְׁתּוֹ. וַיָּקָם הַשָּׂדֶה וְהַמְּעָרָה אֲשֶׁר-בּוֹ, לְאַבְרָהָם--לַאֲחֻזַּת-קָבֶר: מֵאֵת, בְּנֵי-חֵת

וְאֵלֶּה, שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל--מְאַת שָׁנָה וּשְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה, וְשֶׁבַע שָׁנִים; וַיִּגְוַע. וַיִּהְיוּ, יְמֵי יִצְחָק--מְאַת שָׁנָה, וּשְׁמֹנִים שָׁנָה, וַיִּגְוַע ; וַיִּקְבְּרוּ אֹתוֹ, עֵשָׂו וְיַעֲקֹב בָּנָיו

וַיָּבֵא יוֹסֵף אֶת-יַעֲקֹב אָבִיו, וַיַּעֲמִדֵהוּ לִפְנֵי פַרְעֹה; וַיְבָרֶךְ יַעֲקֹב, אֶת-פַּרְעֹה. וַיֹּאמֶר פַּרְעֹה, אֶל-יַעֲקֹב: כַּמָּה, יְמֵי שְׁנֵי חַיֶּיךָ. וַיֹּאמֶר יַעֲקֹב, אֶל-פַּרְעֹה, יְמֵי שְׁנֵי מְגוּרַי, שְׁלֹשִׁים וּמְאַת שָׁנָה: מְעַט וְרָעִים, הָיוּ יְמֵי שְׁנֵי חַיַּי, וְלֹא הִשִּׂיגוּ אֶת-יְמֵי שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי אֲבֹתַי, בִּימֵי מְגוּרֵיהֶם. וַיְבָרֶךְ יַעֲקֹב, אֶת-פַּרְעֹה; וַיֵּצֵא, מִלִּפְנֵי פַרְעֹה. וַיּוֹשֵׁב יוֹסֵף, אֶת-אָבִיו וְאֶת-אֶחָיו, וַיִּתֵּן לָהֶם אֲחֻזָּה בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, בְּמֵיטַב הָאָרֶץ בְּאֶרֶץ רַעְמְסֵס. וַיְכַלְכֵּל יוֹסֵף אֶת-אָבִיו וְאֶת-אֶחָיו, וְאֵת כָּל-בֵּית אָבִיו--לֶחֶם, לְפִי הַטָּף. וַיִּפְרוּ וַיִּרְבּוּ מְאֹד. כח וַיְחִי יַעֲקֹב בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה; וַיְהִי יְמֵי-יַעֲקֹב, שְׁנֵי חַיָּיו--שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים, וְאַרְבָּעִים וּמְאַת שָׁנָה וַיִּגְוַע

And here is the translation in English:

And Sarah's life was a hundred years and twenty years and seven years: the years of Sarah's life. And these are the days of the years of Avraham's life that he lived: a hundred years and seventy years and five years, and he expired. And Yitzchak and Yishmael, his sons, buried him at the cave of Machpelah at the field of Ephron, son of Zohar, the Hittite, facing Mamre, the field that Avraham had bought from the children of Heth. Avraham was buried there -- and Sarah, his wife. And the field and the cave that was in it were established for Avraham as a posession for a tomb from the children of Heth.

And these are the years of Yishmael's life: a hundred years and thirty years and seventy years, and he expired. And Yitzchak's days were a hundred years and eighty years, and he expired. And Esav and Ya'akov, his sons, buried him.

And Yoseph brought Ya'akov, his father, and stood him in front of Par'oh. And Ya'akov blessed Par'oh. And Par'oh said to Ya'akov, "How many are the days of the years of your life?" And Ya'akov said to Par'oh, "The days of the years of my residences are a hundred thirty years. The days of the years of my life have been few and bad, and they haven't attained the days of the years of my father's lives, in the days of their residences." And Ya'akov blessed Par'oh and went out from in front of Par'oh. And Yoseph settled his father and his brothers and gave them a possession in the land of Mitzraim, in the best of the land, in the land of Rameses. And Yoseph supported his father and his brothers and all of his father's household, bread by the number of infants. And they were fruitful and multiplied very much. And Ya'akov lived in the land of Mitzraim seventeen years. And Ya'akov's days, the years of his life, were seven years and a hundred forty years, and he expired.

Monday, November 30, 2015

The Structure of P; Part Two

In the same fashion, we separate the following fragment of PE

וַיִּהְיוּ, יְמֵי יִצְחָק--מְאַת שָׁנָה, וּשְׁמֹנִים שָׁנָה, וַיִּגְוַע ; וַיִּקְבְּרוּ אֹתוֹ, עֵשָׂו וְיַעֲקֹב בָּנָיו

וַיָּבֵא יוֹסֵף אֶת-יַעֲקֹב אָבִיו, וַיַּעֲמִדֵהוּ לִפְנֵי פַרְעֹה; וַיְבָרֶךְ יַעֲקֹב, אֶת-פַּרְעֹה. וַיֹּאמֶר פַּרְעֹה, אֶל-יַעֲקֹב: כַּמָּה, יְמֵי שְׁנֵי חַיֶּיךָ. וַיֹּאמֶר יַעֲקֹב, אֶל-פַּרְעֹה, יְמֵי שְׁנֵי מְגוּרַי, שְׁלֹשִׁים וּמְאַת שָׁנָה: מְעַט וְרָעִים, הָיוּ יְמֵי שְׁנֵי חַיַּי, וְלֹא הִשִּׂיגוּ אֶת-יְמֵי שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי אֲבֹתַי, בִּימֵי מְגוּרֵיהֶם. וַיְבָרֶךְ יַעֲקֹב, אֶת-פַּרְעֹה; וַיֵּצֵא, מִלִּפְנֵי פַרְעֹה. וַיּוֹשֵׁב יוֹסֵף, אֶת-אָבִיו וְאֶת-אֶחָיו, וַיִּתֵּן לָהֶם אֲחֻזָּה בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, בְּמֵיטַב הָאָרֶץ בְּאֶרֶץ רַעְמְסֵס. וַיְכַלְכֵּל יוֹסֵף אֶת-אָבִיו וְאֶת-אֶחָיו, וְאֵת כָּל-בֵּית אָבִיו--לֶחֶם, לְפִי הַטָּף. וַיִּפְרוּ וַיִּרְבּוּ מְאֹד. כח וַיְחִי יַעֲקֹב בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה; וַיְהִי יְמֵי-יַעֲקֹב, שְׁנֵי חַיָּיו--שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים, וְאַרְבָּעִים וּמְאַת שָׁנָה וַיִּגְוַע

from this part of P:

וַיִּהְיוּ בְנֵי-יַעֲקֹב, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר. בְּנֵי לֵאָה, בְּכוֹר יַעֲקֹב רְאוּבֵן; וְשִׁמְעוֹן וְלֵוִי וִיהוּדָה, וְיִשָּׂשכָר וּזְבֻלוּן. בְּנֵי רָחֵל, יוֹסֵף וּבִנְיָמִן. וּבְנֵי בִלְהָה שִׁפְחַת רָחֵל, דָּן וְנַפְתָּלִי. וּבְנֵי זִלְפָּה שִׁפְחַת לֵאָה, גָּד וְאָשֵׁר; אֵלֶּה בְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב, אֲשֶׁר יֻלַּד-לוֹ בְּפַדַּן אֲרָם. וַיָּבֹא יַעֲקֹב אֶל-יִצְחָק אָבִיו, מַמְרֵא קִרְיַת הָאַרְבַּע--הִוא חֶבְרוֹן, אֲשֶׁר-גָּר-שָׁם אַבְרָהָם וְיִצְחָק. יִצְחָק וַיָּמָת וַיֵּאָסֶף אֶל-עַמָּיו, זָקֵן וּשְׂבַע יָמִים

וַיֹּאמֶר יַעֲקֹב אֶל-יוֹסֵף, אֵל שַׁדַּי נִרְאָה-אֵלַי בְּלוּז בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן; וַיְבָרֶךְ, אֹתִי. וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלַי, הִנְנִי מַפְרְךָ וְהִרְבִּיתִךָ, וּנְתַתִּיךָ, לִקְהַל עַמִּים; וְנָתַתִּי אֶת-הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת, לְזַרְעֲךָ אַחֲרֶיךָ--אֲחֻזַּת עוֹלָם. וְעַתָּה שְׁנֵי-בָנֶיךָ הַנּוֹלָדִים לְךָ בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, עַד-בֹּאִי אֵלֶיךָ מִצְרַיְמָה--לִי-הֵם: אֶפְרַיִם, וּמְנַשֶּׁה--כִּרְאוּבֵן וְשִׁמְעוֹן, יִהְיוּ-לִי. וּמוֹלַדְתְּךָ אֲשֶׁר-הוֹלַדְתָּ אַחֲרֵיהֶם, לְךָ יִהְיוּ; עַל שֵׁם אֲחֵיהֶם יִקָּרְאוּ, בְּנַחֲלָתָם. וַאֲנִי בְּבֹאִי מִפַּדָּן, מֵתָה עָלַי רָחֵל בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן בַּדֶּרֶךְ, בְּעוֹד כִּבְרַת-אֶרֶץ, לָבֹא אֶפְרָתָה; וָאֶקְבְּרֶהָ שָּׁם בְּדֶרֶךְ אֶפְרָת, הִוא בֵּית לָחֶם

...

וְיוֹסֵף, בֶּן-שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה, בְּעָמְדוֹ, לִפְנֵי פַּרְעֹה מֶלֶךְ-מִצְרָיִם. וַיִּקְחוּ אֶת-מִקְנֵיהֶם ... יַעֲקֹב הַבָּאָה מִצְרַיְמָה, שִׁבְעִים

וַיֹּאמֶר פַּרְעֹה, אֶל-יוֹסֵף לֵאמֹר: אָבִיךָ וְאַחֶיךָ, בָּאוּ אֵלֶיךָ. אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, לְפָנֶיךָ הִוא--בְּמֵיטַב הָאָרֶץ, הוֹשֵׁב אֶת-אָבִיךָ וְאֶת-אַחֶיךָ: יֵשְׁבוּ, בְּאֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן--וְאִם-יָדַעְתָּ וְיֶשׁ-בָּם אַנְשֵׁי-חַיִל, וְשַׂמְתָּם שָׂרֵי מִקְנֶה עַל-אֲשֶׁר-לִי

וַיְצַו אוֹתָם, וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם אֲנִי נֶאֱסָף אֶל-עַמִּי--קִבְרוּ אֹתִי, אֶל-אֲבֹתָי: אֶל-הַמְּעָרָה--אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׂדֵה, עֶפְרוֹן הַחִתִּי. בַּמְּעָרָה אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׂדֵה הַמַּכְפֵּלָה, אֲשֶׁר עַל-פְּנֵי-מַמְרֵא--בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן: אֲשֶׁר קָנָה אַבְרָהָם אֶת-הַשָּׂדֶה, מֵאֵת עֶפְרֹן הַחִתִּי--לַאֲחֻזַּת-קָבֶר. שָׁמָּה קָבְרוּ אֶת-אַבְרָהָם, וְאֵת שָׂרָה אִשְׁתּוֹ, שָׁמָּה קָבְרוּ אֶת-יִצְחָק, וְאֵת רִבְקָה אִשְׁתּוֹ; וְשָׁמָּה קָבַרְתִּי, אֶת-לֵאָה. מִקְנֵה הַשָּׂדֶה וְהַמְּעָרָה אֲשֶׁר-בּוֹ, מֵאֵת בְּנֵי-חֵת. וַיְכַל יַעֲקֹב לְצַוּ‍ֹת אֶת-בָּנָיו, וַיֶּאֱסֹף רַגְלָיו אֶל-הַמִּטָּה; וַיֵּאָסֶף אֶל-עַמָּיו. וַיַּעֲשׂוּ בָנָיו, לוֹ--כֵּן, כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּם. וַיִּשְׂאוּ אֹתוֹ בָנָיו, אַרְצָה כְּנַעַן, וַיִּקְבְּרוּ אֹתוֹ, בִּמְעָרַת שְׂדֵה הַמַּכְפֵּלָה: אֲשֶׁר קָנָה אַבְרָהָם אֶת-הַשָּׂדֶה לַאֲחֻזַּת-קֶבֶר, מֵאֵת עֶפְרֹן הַחִתִּי--עַל-פְּנֵי מַמְרֵא

Here the phrase כַּאֲשֶׁר, צִוָּה פַרְעֹה was deleted, after רַעְמְסֵס in PE. It presumably was added by the editor that made P and PE into what we know as P.

Sunday, November 29, 2015

The Structure of P; Part One

On the surface, P has an awful expression of death. In Bereshit 25:8, Bereshit 25:17, and Bereshit 35:29, it says that "he expired, he died, ... and he was gathered to his people," three expressions of death in one sentence. This is a sign of composition, of the source PE with the source P. Here follows, in bold, the first part of the source PE:

וַיִּהְיוּ חַיֵּי שָׂרָה, מֵאָה שָׁנָה וְעֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וְשֶׁבַע שָׁנִים--שְׁנֵי, חַיֵּי שָׂרָה. וְאֵלֶּה, יְמֵי שְׁנֵי-חַיֵּי אַבְרָהָם--אֲשֶׁר-חָי: מְאַת שָׁנָה וְשִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה, וְחָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים, וַיִּגְוַע. וַיִּקְבְּרוּ אֹתוֹ יִצְחָק וְיִשְׁמָעֵאל, בָּנָיו, אֶל-מְעָרַת, הַמַּכְפֵּלָה: אֶל-שְׂדֵה עֶפְרֹן בֶּן-צֹחַר, הַחִתִּי, אֲשֶׁר, עַל-פְּנֵי מַמְרֵא. הַשָּׂדֶה אֲשֶׁר-קָנָה אַבְרָהָם, מֵאֵת בְּנֵי-חֵת--שָׁמָּה קֻבַּר אַבְרָהָם, וְשָׂרָה אִשְׁתּוֹ. וַיָּקָם הַשָּׂדֶה וְהַמְּעָרָה אֲשֶׁר-בּוֹ, לְאַבְרָהָם--לַאֲחֻזַּת-קָבֶר: מֵאֵת, בְּנֵי-חֵת

וְאֵלֶּה, שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל--מְאַת שָׁנָה וּשְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה, וְשֶׁבַע שָׁנִים; וַיִּגְוַע

This was merged with the following segment of P:

וַתָּמָת שָׂרָה, בְּקִרְיַת אַרְבַּע הִוא חֶבְרוֹן--בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן; וַיָּבֹא, אַבְרָהָם, לִסְפֹּד לְשָׂרָה, וְלִבְכֹּתָהּ. וַיָּקָם, אַבְרָהָם, מֵעַל, פְּנֵי מֵתוֹ; וַיְדַבֵּר אֶל-בְּנֵי-חֵת, לֵאמֹר. גֵּר-וְתוֹשָׁב אָנֹכִי, עִמָּכֶם; תְּנוּ לִי אֲחֻזַּת-קֶבֶר עִמָּכֶם, וְאֶקְבְּרָה מֵתִי מִלְּפָנָי. וַיַּעֲנוּ בְנֵי-שְׁמָעֵנִי, אֶרֶץ אַרְבַּע מֵאֹת שֶׁקֶל-כֶּסֶף בֵּינִי וּבֵינְךָ מַה-הִוא; וְאֶת-מֵתְךָ, קְבֹר. וַיִּשְׁמַע אַבְרָהָם, אֶל-עֶפְרוֹן, וַיִּשְׁקֹל אַבְרָהָם לְעֶפְרֹן, אֶת-הַכֶּסֶף אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר בְּאָזְנֵי בְנֵי-חֵת--אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף, עֹבֵר לַסֹּחֵר. וַיָּקָם שְׂדֵה עֶפְרוֹן, אֲשֶׁר בַּמַּכְפֵּלָה, אֲשֶׁר, לִפְנֵי מַמְרֵא: הַשָּׂדֶה, וְהַמְּעָרָה אֲשֶׁר-בּוֹ, וְכָל-הָעֵץ אֲשֶׁר בַּשָּׂדֶה, אֲשֶׁר בְּכָל-גְּבֻלוֹ סָבִיב. לְאַבְרָהָם לְמִקְנָה, לְעֵינֵי בְנֵי-חֵת, חֵת אֶת-אַבְרָהָם, לֵאמֹר לוֹ. שְׁמָעֵנוּ אֲדֹנִי, נְשִׂיא אֱלֹהִים אַתָּה בְּתוֹכֵנוּ--בְּמִבְחַר קְבָרֵינוּ, קְבֹר אֶת-מֵתֶךָ; אִישׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, אֶת-קִבְרוֹ לֹא-יִכְלֶה מִמְּךָ מִקְּבֹר מֵתֶךָ. וַיָּקָם אַבְרָהָם וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ לְעַם-הָאָרֶץ, לִבְנֵי-חֵת. וַיְדַבֵּר אִתָּם, לֵאמֹר: אִם-יֵשׁ אֶת-נַפְשְׁכֶם, לִקְבֹּר אֶת-מֵתִי מִלְּפָנַי--שְׁמָעוּנִי, וּפִגְעוּ-לִי בְּעֶפְרוֹן בֶּן-צֹחַר. וְיִתֶּן-לִי, אֶת-מְעָרַת הַמַּכְפֵּלָה אֲשֶׁר-לוֹ, אֲשֶׁר, בִּקְצֵה שָׂדֵהוּ: בְּכֶסֶף מָלֵא יִתְּנֶנָּה לִּי, בְּתוֹכְכֶם--לַאֲחֻזַּת-קָבֶר. וְעֶפְרוֹן יֹשֵׁב, בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי-חֵת; וַיַּעַן עֶפְרוֹן הַחִתִּי אֶת-אַבְרָהָם בְּאָזְנֵי בְנֵי-חֵת, לְכֹל בָּאֵי שַׁעַר-עִירוֹ לֵאמֹר. לֹא-אֲדֹנִי שְׁמָעֵנִי--הַשָּׂדֶה נָתַתִּי לָךְ, וְהַמְּעָרָה אֲשֶׁר-בּוֹ לְךָ נְתַתִּיהָ; לְעֵינֵי בְנֵי-עַמִּי נְתַתִּיהָ לָּךְ, קְבֹר מֵתֶךָ. וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ, אַבְרָהָם, לִפְנֵי, עַם הָאָרֶץ. וַיְדַבֵּר אֶל-עֶפְרוֹן בְּאָזְנֵי עַם-הָאָרֶץ, לֵאמֹר, אַךְ אִם-אַתָּה לוּ, שְׁמָעֵנִי: נָתַתִּי כֶּסֶף הַשָּׂדֶה, קַח מִמֶּנִּי, וְאֶקְבְּרָה אֶת-מֵתִי, שָׁמָּה. וַיַּעַן עֶפְרוֹן אֶת-אַבְרָהָם, לֵאמֹר לוֹ. אֲדֹנִי בְּכֹל, בָּאֵי שַׁעַר-עִירוֹ. וְאַחֲרֵי-כֵן קָבַר אַבְרָהָם אֶת-שָׂרָה אִשְׁתּוֹ, אֶל-מְעָרַת שְׂדֵה הַמַּכְפֵּלָה עַל-פְּנֵי מַמְרֵא--הִוא חֶבְרוֹן: בְּאֶרֶץ, כְּנָעַן

וַיָּמָת אַבְרָהָם בְּשֵׂיבָה טוֹבָה, זָקֵן וְשָׂבֵעַ; וַיֵּאָסֶף, אֶל-עַמָּיו. וַיְהִי, אַחֲרֵי מוֹת אַבְרָהָם, וַיְבָרֶךְ אֱלֹהִים, אֶת-יִצְחָק בְּנוֹ

וְאֵלֶּה, שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, בִּשְׁמֹתָם, לְתוֹלְדֹתָם: בְּכֹר יִשְׁמָעֵאל נְבָיֹת, וְקֵדָר וְאַדְבְּאֵל וּמִבְשָׂם. וּמִשְׁמָע וְדוּמָה, וּמַשָּׂא. חֲדַד וְתֵימָא, יְטוּר נָפִישׁ וָקֵדְמָה. אֵלֶּה הֵם בְּנֵי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמֹתָם, בְּחַצְרֵיהֶם, וּבְטִירֹתָם--שְׁנֵים-עָשָׂר נְשִׂיאִם, לְאֻמֹּתָם. וַיָּמָת, וַיֵּאָסֶף אֶל-עַמָּיו

...

Note how both PE and P are independent texts, stories, which have only gained by the separation. P has lost nothing and regained an inclusio, חֶבְרוֹן: בְּאֶרֶץ, כְּנָעַן around the death of Sarah, and the expressions of death are more normal. PE has its own structure, which will become clear after part two, the next post.

Saturday, November 28, 2015

Esav's Age

In addition to the number 9*42 (144) and the age of Sarah, 127 years, we have the numbers in

13! + 2882 = (288*274)2

where 274 is twice the age of Yishmael, and 288 is twice the number 144. Again the number 144, in addition to 5708 + 144 = 5501 + 27*13. There is one age that is not reported by P, the age of Esav. It should be clear, the age of Esav is 144.

Note that the above equation is mathematical, technological, in nature, and the same is true for the number 127. No way, that the numbers 127, 137, and 144 were known to special in the days of P. Hence it is prophecy. But if one would still want to deny that it is a prophecy, we will now address a truly remarkable structure of P, a structure that should settle the case.

Thursday, November 26, 2015

Coincidence or Prophecy

The number 9*42 is not the only eschatological number. The age reported for Sarah, 127 years, is another one. Can this be a coincidence? Or, is there prophecy in P, formulated using a mathematical series, hidden in the ages of the Avot, and of Sarah? Time for an investigation!

Wednesday, November 25, 2015

The Missing Age

The ages reached by Abraham, Yitzchak, and Yaakov, according to P, follow a neat mathematical series:

175 = 7 * 52, 180 = 5 * 62, and 147 = 3 * 72.

It is a very remarkable fact. Was there a mathematician among the authors of P? What did he want to encode?

One age is notably missing, in the Torah of P, and that is the age 144 = 9 * 42. Could it be that 9 * 42 is an eschatological number instead? Note that 5708 + 9 * 42 = 5501 + 27*13.

Tuesday, November 24, 2015

Men of Truth

Chiddush follows Chiddush. Perhaps it is now possible to say the following.

In the beginning, G-d created, using the Midah of Din. He created the monkeys, the old-world monkeys and the new-world monkeys. He created them in 92*10*11*13*29*212 years. Then created HaShem the apes, using the Midah of Chesed, all kinds of apes. He created them in 292*214 kiloyears. Finally, HaShem G-d finished creation, in Truth, with Rachamim. He created man, man and woman, all kinds of man. He created them in 132*162*29*11K years.

The monkeys among man, Yishmael, the wild asses of men, uncivilised men, are making war with the apes among man, with Esav, with the blood-ruddy, the hairy ones. The men of Din against the men of Chesed, as it were. It has to be. Out of this will come the men of Truth, the giants, who will take the place of the apes and monkeys among man.

Friday, November 20, 2015

The Middle Value

In this post, I argued that the real value for the age of the Universe would have to be the middle value.

And, in denotation, 292*214 kiloyears is the middle of 92*10*11*13*29*212 years, and 132*162*29*11K years.

But, regarding the intension of the expression, 132*162*29*11K can be seen as the golden middle of 292*214 kiloyears and 92*10*11*13*29*212 years; the middle between a short, square, value, and a long, not so square, value.

I did not see this before, but intensionally, the "middle value" is equal to 132*162*29*11K years.

Sunday, November 8, 2015

Three Estimates Revisited

We saw earlier three estimates for the age of the Universe. They can be written as:

- Estimate one: 92*10*11*13*29*212 years, which is 13,758,750,720 years.
- Estimate two: 11*132*29*256*1000 years, which is 11*132*29*256 kiloyears, which is 13,801,216 kiloyears.
- Estimate three: 292*214 kiloyears, which is 13,778,944 kiloyears.

The experimental value of the age of the Universe was updated on September 24, 2015. The first estimate now seems to be ruled out by the narrowing value, currently 13.799 ± 0.021 billion years. The third estimate has theoretical advantages, and it is still possible, but it is the second estimate, best written as 132*162*29*11K years, where the experimental value likely seems to go.

It is exhilarating. It is frightening.

Thursday, November 5, 2015

The Eschatological Calendar

The eschatological calendar is an eternal calendar, which starts in the year 1329 and changes generation every 480 years, just like the previous one. From the year of adoption, until shortly after the year 6000, the two calendars coincide. The period of 480 years, and the year 1329, are explained here and here.

The complete Java program is here. The lines

double m0 = T - (5. + n)* K + L + 14.;

and

a = (12 * year + 12 + n)% 19;

and

this(year, ((year - 1329) / 480));

have been changed. The Qeviyot of the eschatological calendar can be found here, from the year 1329 until the year 7200. During this range of 6000 years, the calendar is quite accurate with respect to the Equinox.

Monday, November 2, 2015

The Sanhedrin Of Truth

What kind of Sanhedrin am I talking about? About the Sanhedrin of Truth. About the Sanhedrin that is so in love with HaShem, so in love with the Truth, so Chayav to the Truth, that they cannot possibly keep ignoring the voice of Eliyahu, the truth in the academic approach to Torah. They will find the way to do Teshuva, to before the time of D and P. Teshuva out of love. Out of love of the Truth. Out of love of HaShem. This is the Sanhedrin that I address.

Thursday, October 29, 2015

My Guess

I imagine that the calendar based on round numbers will be attractive to Sanhedrin. For one, it keeps the Psak of the gemara in Rosh Hashanah 21, according to which the latest date the Spring Equinox is Nissan 16. Second, it is an eternal calendar, which goes to generation five in the year 6000, 3600+5*480. This is easy to remember.

The Qeviyot of this calendar can be found here, until the year 6500. The complete Java program is here.

Tuesday, October 27, 2015

Take Us Out

The historical task of the Sanhedrin is to bring back the Judaism of the early prophets, of Yeshayahu, of Hoshea. Currently, the Datiyim imagine a return to the Judaism of the end of Bayit Sheni, and the Chilonim imagine nothing of this kind. Very few imagine a return to the Judaism of Bayit Rishon. But politically, we have already returned to the time of Bayit Rishon. Only religiously, we are still in the Galut. It is the task of Sanhedrin to take us out. If they grab the task, how good. But if not, salvation will come from a different place.

עורי כימי קדם

(Yeshayahu 51:9)

Sunday, October 25, 2015

Eternal Calendar Based On Round Numbers

I suggest a fourth possibility for Sanhedrin to consider: an eternal calendar based on round numbers; (year - 3600) / 480. Here is the complete program. Output for the years 5790 + n*19, up till 6200:

5790: 49-03
5809: 48-03
5828: 48-03
5847: 48-03
5866: 51-03
5885: 50-03
5904: 49-03
5923: 50-03
5942: 49-03
5961: 50-03
5980: 49-03
5999: 51-03
6018: 20-03
6037: 20-03
6056: 21-03
6075: 21-03
6094: 22-03
6113: 21-03
6132: 21-03
6151: 21-03
6170: 21-03
6189: 20-03

Here 49-03 is 18-04, et cetera. Note how this does not "allow" the dates 18-03 and 19-03. Here are the first two cycles after 5782:

5782: 47-03
5783: 37-03
5784: 26-03
5785: 44-03
5786: 33-03
5787: 23-03
5788: 42-03
5789: 31-03
5790: 49-03
5791: 39-03
5792: 27-03
5793: 45-03
5794: 35-03
5795: 24-03
5796: 43-03
5797: 31-03
5798: 20-03
5799: 40-03
5800: 29-03
5801: 47-03
5802: 36-03
5803: 26-03
5804: 43-03
5805: 33-03
5806: 22-03
5807: 42-03
5808: 29-03
5809: 48-03
5810: 38-03
5811: 28-03
5812: 45-03
5813: 34-03
5814: 24-03
5815: 44-03
5816: 32-03
5817: 20-03
5818: 40-03
5819: 29-03

Friday, October 23, 2015

Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to Carl Friedrich Gauss for coming up, in 1802, with the extremely brilliant orinigal formula, or algorithm, and to Zvi Har'El for his brilliant elucidation of the algorithm, and for giving programs, in C, and in Java. I propose to have the (generational variant of the) Java code as a part of the Halachic standard (with the required minimal substitutions, specified by the Sanhedrin). The third person to be thanked is James A. Shneer, who wrote the wonderful book The Jewish Calendar and the Torah: Introduction - 2nd Edition. I am sure the book was created with the Gauss algorithm, probably with one of the programs of Zvi Har'El. A change in Halacha would be welcomed by Shneer, I guess, as an opportunity to make a special edition of his book.

Thursday, October 22, 2015

Eternal Calendar

We can construct an "eternal" calendar program, which is based on the assumption that the calendar started in 3409, and changes generation every 476 years. The program goes, automatically, to generation 5 in our days. Here is the complete program, which regenerates the output of this post. The "eternal" calendar behaves fine, as you can verify yourself, from year 4000 to year 8000.

Generational Gauss Class

We can define a generational Gauss class by changing three lines of this Java code. We add a generational parameter n to the class constructor. That is we replace the line

public Gauss(int year, boolean g)

by the line

public Gauss(int year, boolean g, int n)

We replace the line

private static final double m0 = T - 10. * K + L + 14.;

by the line

double m0 = T - (10. + n)* K + L + 14.;

and move it down to below the constructor. Lastly, we change the line

a = (12 * year + 17) % 19;

into

a = (12 * year + 17 + n)% 19;

Then generational Gauss objects.with the third parameter 0 are "equal" to the original objects. Generational Gauss objects with third parameter 5 are "equal" to changed Gauss objects specified here. Generational Gauss objects with third parameter 4 are "equal" to the changed Gauss objects hinted to here.

Finally, here is the complete Java program that prints the output of the previous post, with the generational Gauss class.

Wednesday, October 21, 2015

The Earliest Pesach

The earliest Pesach, according to the proposed new calendar, until the year 6000:

5790: 19-03
5809: 20-03
5828: 18-03
5847: 20-03
5866: 20-03
5885: 20-03
5904: 19-03
5923: 20-03
5942: 19-03
5961: 21-03
5980: 21-03
5999: 21-03

One time, the date is 18-03, too early perhaps. Three times the date is 19-03, acceptable. Five times the date is 20-03, fine.

However, the rule that just two years, 6 and 7, are skipped to arrive at the new calendar, is easily understood. Moreover, the new calendar that we proposed is valid for some 500 years.

If the earliest of the earliest Pesach dates is deemed unacceptable, the solution would be to go from year 5 to year 19 (less intuitive), together with a different, though equally simple prescription to change the Java program. The resulting calendar would be valid maximally until about 5950.

That Is All

Based on this analysis, we change only two lines of code in Java, and the program calculates the Jewish calendar as in this post. We change to the new proposed calendar by replacing the line

private static final double m0 = T - 10. * K + L + 14.;

by the line

private static final double m0 = T - 15. * K + L + 14.;

Moreover, the line

a = (12 * year + 17) % 19;

is changed into

a = (12 * year + 3) % 19;

That is it. That is how I did it.

So, this is what it amounts to, the issuing of the decision that years 6 and 7 of the cycle (one time only) be skipped, and that we proceed with year 8, and the prescription that two lines be changed in the Java code, as above. That is all.

Tuesday, October 20, 2015

Shneer's Notation for the Qeviyot

I follow Shneer's notation for the Qeviyot. This notation is

(C|L)(D|R|A)(2|3|5|7)

where

C stands for Common year and L stands for a leap year.
D stands for a Deficient (353 or 383 days) year, R stands for Regular (354 or 384 days) year, A stands for Abundant (355 or 385 days) year.
Finally, the number at the end denotes the day in the week Rosh HaShana falls.

For instance, LR3 is a regular leap year (384 days) and it starts on a Tuesday. For instance, CA2 is abundant common year (355 days) and it starts on a Monday.

New Qeviyot and The Dates of Pesach

Below follow the Qeviyot and the dates of Pesach that are going to be be needed if Sanhedrin would decide to go with the proposal here. It is generated by a computer program based on this. Specifics follow in subsequent posts.

Year-Qeviyot--Pesach

5782 LR3(LR3) 16-04
5783 CA2(CA2) 06-04
5784 CA7(LD7) 26-03
5785 LD5(CA5) 13-04
5786 CR3(CR3) 02-04
5787 CA7(LA7) 23-03
5788 LA5(CA7) 11-04
5789 CR5(CR5) 31-03
5790 CD2(LD2) 19-03
5791 LA5(CA7) 08-04
5792 CR5(CR5) 27-03
5793 LD2(LD2) 14-04
5794 CA7(CA7) 04-04
5795 CR5(LA5) 24-03
5796 LA2(CR5) 12-04
5797 CD2(CD2) 31-03
5798 CR5(LA5) 20-03
5799 LA2(CR5) 09-04
5800 CA2(CA2) 29-03

In short, the Qeviyot tell you anything you want know about a year for Halachic reasons. Between brackets are the current Qeviyot. The dates of Pesach are the new dates of Pesach. The earliest Pesach is 19 March, which is just acceptable.

Monday, October 19, 2015

Next Chance

The universal 19-year cycle can be succinctly written in terms of its leap years, 1,3,6,9,11,14,17. In our current calendar, year 17 is mapped to year 1 of the universal cycle. This year, 5776, is year 3 of the universal cycle, a leap year. The Sanhedrin could not change it, not because they are not aware of the fact that 15 Adar Beth 5776, would-be Pesach, is well after the Spring Equinox, but because as a Sanhedrin they are not recognized by the majority of the people of Israel.

The next chance is year 9 of the universal cycle, year 5782. It could be declared, by the Sanhedrin, to be year 11 of the universal cycle. Alternatively, using the standard numbers, year 6 of our current calendar, should become year 8. Going forward then, leap years are as usual, the years 3,6,8,11,14,17,19. May we merit it.

Sunday, October 18, 2015

Friday, October 16, 2015

The Jewish Calendar

Likewise, these are the "cycle numbers" of the middle path:

8,
10,
29,
35.75,
49,
64,
100,
1000,
35750,
71471.

This is the higher path, the longer path, the more ultimate path. As the middle path, it can help to the right and to the left. To the right, 49 helps the count of Chesed, and because of that, 8*35.75 helps to adjust 16*18, on the left. And, as a compromise between left and right, the age of the Universe is set to be 29^2*2^14 kiloyears.

Together with steps of the Meshichin, the path becomes:

7,8,
10,
12,13,
15,16,
18,19,
27,28,29,
35.75,37
49,
64,
100,
1000,
35750,
71471.

The combined path, until 19, can be completed as:

2,
4,5,
7,8,
10,
12,13,
15,16,
18,19.

This can be read as the 12 normal years of the 19-year cycle. In other words, it represents the Jewish calendar. The current calendar follows if the year 17 of the 19-year cycle in the conventional system, year 5774 is the last instance, is year 1 of the universal cycle.

Thursday, October 15, 2015

The Steps Of The Meshichin

To who understands. The cycle lengths of the two Meshichin follow a pattern:

7,
12,13,
15,16,
18,19,
27,28,
37.

This corresponds to "steps" of the Meshichin, as follows:

left,
right, left,
right, left,
left, right,
left, right,
right.

Sunday, October 11, 2015

Rightly So

We edited the Torah. It is obvious. Christianity, with its belief in G-d the Father, does not believe that we edited the Torah, as some Jews do not believe that we edited the Torah. But we edited the Torah. The Quran is right. We changed the story of the Akeidah, but we did not substitute Yishmael for Yitzchak, as the Quran has it. We changed the story of the sacrificing, to G-d, of Yitzchak, into the story of his survival, by the grace of Hashem. And by the grace of Hashem, we will survive the onslaught in the name of God.

It is about morality. The western world, and Christianity, has a lesson to learn. The Islam comes to teach that lesson. But we will withstand the onslaught. Because the issue is moral. Yes, the Torah is edited. Rightly so.

(This started as a comment here. As usual, the comment was deemed unacceptable.)